VENIZELOS – REVIEW OF BIOGRAPHY OF A GREAT GREEK

VENIZELOS
The Making of a Greek Statesman, 1864 - 1914
by Michael Llewellyn-Smith
Oxford University Press, 2021
516 pp. ISBN 9780197586495

Reviewed by James Karas

“What Venizelos has just done is great, a miracle. This traitor has doubled the size of Greece, giving her Epirus, Macedonia, Crete, the islands. His name will be immortal. Without a doubt he is the greatest statesman in the world today.”

This is what Nikos Kazantzakis wrote to his sister Eleni in 1912 after the first Balkan War. It is an astounding combination of damnation and praise. The greatest statesman in the world is a miracle worker and a traitor.

Michael Llewellyn-Smith has written the first of a two-volume biography, Venizelos: The Making of a Greek Statesman, 1864-1914, that is thoroughly researched and well-written where he tries to capture the many facets of the brilliant politician, warts and all. Kazantzakis called Venizelos a megalomaniac in 1901 when the politician fought with Prince George, the son of King George I of Greece, over the question of the union of Crete with Greece. The prince was the High Commissioner of Crete, appointed by the Great Powers. Venizelos was the Counsellor for Justice. The Prince had a serious propensity towards authoritarianism and nepotism and was clearly ill-suited for the job. Venizelos would have none of it.

Eleftherios Venizelos was born in 1864 in Mournies, Crete which was still a part of the Ottoman Empire. His father was a revolutionary who was twice deported to the island of Syros and Eleftherios spent part of his youth on that island. He became a lawyer, a journalist and a politician and he was distinguished for the clarity and eloquence of his oratorios, the brilliance of his mind and his frequently astute political tactics.

He practiced law, published newspapers and pursued the idea of enosis, union of Crete with Greece, a position that was contrary to the wishes of the Ottomans and unpalatable to the Great Powers. The latter’s naval presence around Crete was pre-eminent and their ambition was to maintain the peace.  

He was elected to Crete’s National Assembly in 1889 and the tumultuous relations between Cretans and the Ottoman Empire continued. By the end of the decade and after uprisings and massacres, the Great Powers stepped in and found a “solution” to the Cretan Question by declaring the island an autonomous state under Ottoman suzerainty. Elected Cretans could run the internal affairs of the island while the Ottomans still held ultimate control.  

Venizelos opposed the inept Prince on the question of enosis and in 1901 was fired as Counsellor for Justice. Llewellyn-Smith, always analytical and judicious, states that The High Commissioner was constitutionally right in his position and that Venizelos chose the wrong ground on which to take a stand. Venizelos’s motivation, according to the biographer, on the political side was to break the deadlock over Cretan union with Greece. On the personal side, Venizelos found it unacceptable to be subject to the Prince’s virtually absolute power.

The all-out political war between the Prince and Venizelos mentioned above extended to former wanting the latter’s “moral destruction” Venizelos using his newspaper in reply.  However, one may take the fight, Lewellyn-Smith tells us it was a foretaste of what was to come in 1915 when Venizelos disagreed with Prince George’s older brother who was King of Greece at the time. The result was the great National Schism but that will be examined in the second volume of the biography.

In the meantime, Venizelos was in the political wilderness, the struggle continued and even church leaders joined the fray. Archbishop Xiroudakis pronounced that a vote for Venizelos was a sin as black as a priest’s vestments. Venizelos struck back in his newspaper alleging that the archbishop and through him “those who are waging an unholy war were aiming to divide the people so as to have a pretext to deprive them of their freedoms.” He meant the Prince, of course. The archbishop sued for libel and won. Venizelos’s paper was closed and he was sentenced to two weeks in jail. He served his sentence.

The incident proved his fearlessness, his audacity and his relentless struggle for what he believed. Soon after that he was involved in a much more serious event, The Therisso Uprising was a revolt led by Venizelos that became tantamount to a civil war. It began in March 1905 and lasted until November but its aftereffects continued into 1906. Was it a legitimate uprising or a rebel insurgency? asks Llewellyn-Smith.

The insurgents worked hard to give legitimacy to the uprising.  They elected a provisional government, appealed to the people of Crete and appealed to the Church leaders. Venizelos wrote to the Great Powers explaining the reasons for the upspring. The aim was the union of Crete and Greece but the uprising had a long and tortuous road. The Prince, his father, the King of Greece, the Greek government and the Great Powers were against it. But in the end the Powers, except for Russia, were not prepared to supress the revolt by force and a settlement was negotiated. There were changes in the power structure and most importantly perhaps, Prince George resigned and left the island for good in September 1906. Venizelos had won.

Venizelos by that time had become famous and in 1909 became Prime Minister of Crete. By the end of the year, he left Cretan politics behind him and went to Athens. A revolt of a different kind was brewing which resulted in a bloodless a coup d’état in August 1909 by the the Military League, a group of disaffected army officers based in Goudi, a suburb of Athens. The League invited Venizelos and he took over the negotiations between the officers and King George I. The League was dissolved following concessions to the officers’ demands. Venizelos was elected to the Greek parliament and in October 1910 became Prime Minister. It was a meteoric rise reflecting his extraordinary intelligence and political skill.

The problems he faced were mammoth and he brought reforms across the board trying to achieve fundamental changes in Greek society. Land reform, education, national defence, the constitution and corruption are a few of the issues that he faced. For every fervent supporter that he had on these issues there was always a dedicated opponent. It took all of his immense skills to achieve a great deal but not all.

Venizelos was Prime Minister during the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) which resulted in the expulsion of the Ottomans from from the Balkans. He used his diplomatic skills to outmanoeuvre the Serbs and the Bulgarians and double Greece’s territory and population. No one could take that away from him.

Mark Mazower, an expert on Greek history, considers Venizelos the most prominent Greek statesman of the twentieth century. Llewellyn-Smith gives a well-rounded portrait of the man who spoke several languages, loved to read, was a great orator and was considered a Messiah by many. He was a unique politician in Greece.

Michael Llewellyn-Smith examines the historical milieu in which Venizelos lived and work and examines the political issues that he faced. He does so with thoroughness and admirable fairness. A large number if people are involved and the author takes pains to make us understand and remember who they were by providing Short Biographies of the more important ones.   

Llewellyn-Smith is a historian and retired British diplomat with intimate knowledge of Greek and Greece. His doctoral thesis at Oxford was on the Greek occupation of Smyrna and the Asia Minor Catastrophe of 1919-1922. He turned his thesis into a history of the Catastrophe titled Ionian Vision: Greece in Asia Minor 1919-1922.  He travelled on a donkey across Crete in the 1960s and wrote The Great Island about its history and culture and has written two books about the Olympic Games. He was the British Ambassador in Greece from 1996 to 1999.

VENIZELOS: The Making of a Greek Statesman, 1864 – 1914 is a major biography of one of the greatest statesmen of modern Greece. Maybe Kazantzakis was perfectly right in his positive assessment of Venizelos. 

James Karas is the Senior Editor - Cultire of The Greek Press. This review first appeared in The Greek Press.  

JESUS CHRIST SUPERSTAR – REVIEW OF PRODUCTION AT PRINCESS OF WALES

Reviewed by James Karas

Jesus Christ Superstar has moved from one of the most popular rock operas and become almost legendary. Ten years ago, the Stratford Festival marked the fortieth anniversary of the premiere of the work and this year the Princess of Wales theatre offers the 50^th Anniversary Tour of the opera.

The production chosen for the tour is the 2016 staging at London’s Regent’s Park Open Air Theatre directed by Timothy Sheader, designed by Tom Scutt and Choreographed by Drew McOnie. That production has taken off on a world tour and is making a pitstop at the Princess of Wales Theatre to huge audiences but under pandemic restrictions including the lineups for vaccinations checks.

For anyone living under a rock who may not know the story of the musical, it is about Christ’s last week on earth, call it Holy Week for Christians or Passover for Jews. We follow his arrival in Jerusalem, his trial and his crucifixion, based loosely on the Gospels. It is not suitable for fanatics who may prefer a more pious telling of the Passion.

Aaron LaVigne, Tommy Sherlock and the company of the North American Tour of JESUS CHRIST SUPERSTAR. 
Photo by Matthew Murphy, Evan Zimmerman - MurphyMade

It contains a lot of heavy-beat rock music, some beautiful melodies and dramatic dancing. Sheader has chosen to treat the production almost like a rock concert. He wants to generate energy, create excitement and rouse the audience to pitches of ecstasy as they listen to the music, hear the intense and sensational singing and watch the extraordinary events of the betrayal, arrest, trial and crucifixion of Jesus Christ. He is successful but one may complain about a few pitfalls.

A young Andrew Lloyd Webber provided the music and Tim Rice wrote the lyrics for the work. Scutt’s two-story set has the orchestra on top and the dark, foreboding and dramatically lit stage below. Lee Currant as the lighting director adds to the intensity of the performance with unremitting use  of spotlights that whirl around the theatre .

But the performance at the Princess of Wales has some issues. Generally, it is the excessive volume at which the music is performed. It struck me like a performance by a favourite rock star who sings at the highest pitch that he can reach and that he holds for as long as his lung capacity will allow with the accompanying orchestra competing for volume.

Aaron LaVigne and the company of the North American Tour of JESUS CHRIST SUPERSTAR.
 Photo by Matthew Murphy, Evan Zimmerman – MurphyMade

Take Tyrone Huntley as Judas. (He replaced James D. Beeks in the role on November 23, 2021 when the latter was arrested for involvement in the January 6, 2021 attack on Capitol Hill). He sang the role at Regent’s Park in 2016 and is not a haphazard replacement. He has a big voice and is an agile performer physically and vocally. He performs with a microphone in his hand at times as if this were a concert and he needs to hold the audience not just with his vocal ability but by reaching the highest notes even if it approaches falsetto levels and never coming down from the peak. That is done by some of the other performers including Aaron LaVigne as Jesus.

The dancing is used for the same purpose of arousing excitement in the audience. It is wildly frenetic and at times looked more like Zumba than ballet.

There is a way of performing Jesus Christ Superstar at a less frenzied pace and letting the music and lyrics be heard. The pace maintained in this production made some of the lyrics simply incomprehensible. There are quiet moments as well. Jenna Rubaii as Mary sings “I Don’t Know How To Love Him” with beautiful resonance and there are other less frenzied scenes that do justice to the opera. Unfortunately, there is also the unpleasantness of the eardrum-shattering scenes.

_______________________   
Jesus Christ Superstar by Andrew Lloyd Webber (music) and Tim Rice (lyrics) runs until January 2, 2022 at the Princess of Wales Theatre, 300 King St. West, Toronto, Ontario. www.mirvish.com/
 

James Karas is the Senior Editor - Culture of The Greek Press. This review appeared first in the paper. a

HOLIDAY INN AND A CHRISTMAS CAROL - REVIEW OF 2021 SHAW FESTIVAL PRODUCTIONS

Reviewed by James Karas 

The Shaw Festival has struck the perfect note for the holidays by bringing back two marvelous chestnuts. It would be hard to lift one’s spirits higher than with fine-tuned and delightful productions of A Christmas Carol and Holiday Inn. Both shows take us to distant, different but, in our imagination, familiar worlds that we watch with pleasure and extend a standing ovation to all concerned in gratitude.

Holiday Inn started as a movie that was being filmed in late 1941 when Pearl Harbor was attacked by the Japanese and catapulted America into World War II. The filming was completed in early 1942 and the movie was a hit. It contained incomparable music and lyrics by Irving Berlin celebrating major American holidays and with stars like Bing Crosby and Fred Astaire it could hardly fail.

Most of the songs of the movie were used to shape a stage musical with an improved script by Gordon Greenberg and Chuck Hodge. It opened on Broadway in 2016 where some embarrassingly racist content (Abraham Lincoln in blackface!) was mercifully removed. 

Kyle Blair as Jim Hardy with the cast of Irving Berlin’s 
Holiday Inn (Shaw Festival, 2021). Photo by David Cooper.

What do you get at the Festival Theatre in Niagara-on-the-Lake?  You get a plot, okay?  Jim (Kyle Blair) and Ted (Kyle Golemba) are the best of friends, a song and dance duo who perform around the U.S.A. with the lovely Lila (Vanessa Sears). Jim loves Lila and wants to marry her and move to a farm in Connecticut. Lila wants stardom and she dumps Jim and goes off with Ted.

On the bankrupt farm Jim meets the lovely Linda  (Kristi Frank), the former owner of the farm. Jim and Linda will turn the rambling farmhouse into a holiday inn where they will put on shows only during holidays. Please, no guessing about what will happen to the two couples. You are here to have fun not to foretell the future.

Irving Berlin provides some very familiar songs which you will recognize even if you have never seen the movie. How about the following: White Christmas, Cheek to Cheek, Easter Parade and a dozen other melodies that mark Thanksgiving, New Year’s Eve, Valentine’s Day, Easter  and American holidays like the 4^th of July. The singing by the principals, Louise (Gabrielle Jones) and the ensemble may be uneven at times but you are enjoying the production so much you skip such details.

And the dancing? These actors can tap, twirl and get in the air with abandon. What do you think Fed Astaire was doing in the movie? And  Golemba does the firecracker dance superbly. A huge bow to choreographer Allison Plamondo 

Singing and dancing look much better when there is an ensemble of beautiful women and handsome men on stage. The costumes are stunning and I did not count how many changes there were but their splendour was captivating. The sets which required numerous changes were handled judiciously and effectively. Chalk up a big one for set and costumes designer Judith Bowden.

Paul Sportelli is credited with the musical direction and Rachel O'Brien, the Shaw’s Music Intern, conducted a few of the musical numbers when I saw the production. I am advised that she is being prepared for her conducting an entire show. 

Kevin Lamotte designed the bright lighting that added to the pleasure of watching the production.

Kate Hennig directed the wonderful holiday bouquet and took us to another world. Unmitigated kudos to her for the two-hour trip.

Have you never seen or read Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol? The Shaw Festival has decreased that possibility by presenting Tim Carroll’s adaptation of that unforgettable story over the last several years in the appropriate season.

The telling is imaginative, creative, authentic but not slavish and a complete delight. You need a door? Well, an actor holds a small board tied to his arm and swings to open and shut, well, the door. An actor holds another board on her head and presto Scrooge has a desk. They use puppets and painted scenery to have the action move briskly and tell the famous story of reformation and redemption.

Julie Lumsden as Emily, Kelly Wong as Fred and Graeme Somerville as Scrooge in

 A Christmas Carol (Shaw Festival, 2021). Photo by David Cooper..

There are ten actors who do not hesitate to burst into singing Christmas carols and provide humour. We get to the story of course and Graeme Somerville leads the cast as a mean, stingy, horrible Scrooge but we know that underneath that nasty exterior there is a decent and generous man. (We have read the story and seen previous productions, you see.)  

We need three Spirits: the Spirit of Christmas Present (Peter Fernandes), of Christmas Past (Kelsey Verzotti) and of Christmas Future, a scary ghost floating in the air and terrifying Scrooge of the effects of his conduct. There is no room for doubt. Scrooge and the rest of us need to change.

His nephew Fred (Kelly Wong) and his wife (Julie Lumsden) set the example for family feeling and forgiveness. But what we want to see is the loving family of the poor Bob Cratchit (Andrew Laurie) and his wife (Marla McLean, who is also movement and puppetry Captain) and their disabled son Tiny Tim, judiciously played by a puppet.

Tim Carroll did the original adaptation and directed that production. This year’s staging is capably directed my Molly Atkinson.

Fit these two productions between shopping malls and credit card abuse and you will enjoy Christmas even more.

______________

A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, adapted by Tim Carroll and Holiday Inn by Irving Berlin continue until December 23, 2021, at the Royal George and Festival Theatres respectively in  Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario. www.shawfest.com/

 

PARADISE – REVIEW OF ADAPTATION OF PHILOCTETES AT NATIONAL THEATRE

Reviewed by James Karas

Ancient Greek myth and tragedy find their way onto the modern stage again. This time it is an adaptation of Sophocles’ Philoctetes, a play by Kae Tempest titled Paradise that opened at the National Theatre, London in August 2021.

In mythology, Philoctetes was a magnificent warrior who sailed with the Greeks to fight in The Trojan War. He was bitten on his leg by a snake and the wound oozed pus and emitted unbearable stench forcing Odysseus to abandon him on the island of Lemnos. He remained on the island alone for ten years in excruciating pain until almost the end of The Trojan War when Odysseus and Neoptolemus (the son of Achilles), on the advice of a prophet, came to seek Philoctetes. He was essential for the delivery of the coup de grace to the Trojans for the Greeks to seal their triumph.

Lesley Sharp (Philoctetes), Amie Francis (Zuleika) 
and Sutara Gayle (Jelly) in Paradise at the 
National Theatre. Credit: Helen Murray

The crafty Odysseus devises a pack of lies for the naïve and honest Neoptolemus to serve in order to convince Philoctetes to go to Troy. The ruse does not work but Heracles appears in the end as a Deus ex machina and tells Philoctetes that it is the will of Zeus that he go to Troy. He does.

Kae Tempest maintains the core of the story of Philoctetes living in a cave on Lemnos and being visited by Neoptolemus and Odysseus who try to convince him with gross mendacity to go to Troy. But after that Tempest takes her own path. Lemnos is not a deserted island but a refugee camp or, more accurately, a prison. The island was prosperous at one time, but it has deteriorated into a disgusting place occupied by undocumented refugees, one of whom is Philoctetes. They are the Chorus of the play. In Sophocles’ play the Chorus is made up of sailors from Neoptolemus’ ship.

There is some differentiation among the members of the Chorus but in the end, they represent a group rather than individuals. One of them, Aunty (ESKA) is a seer or prophet, and she provides extensive, some of it sung, commentary at the beginning and the end of the play.

The others are a multi-racial group of prisoners/refugees whose appearance and names indicate the broad spectrum of the downtrodden of the earth. They are Magdalena (Claire-Louise Cordwell), Tishani (Sarah Lam), Nam (Penny Layden), Tayir (Kayla Meikle, Yasmeen (Naomi Wirthner), Zuleika (Amie Francis), Jelly (Sutara Gayle) and Shiloh (Jennifer Joseph). They are an effective group that illustrates life on the island even though I had difficulty recognizing many of them as individuals.

The thrust of the play and Tempest’s brilliance come out in the interaction among the three Greeks, played by women as is the rest of the cast. Lesly Sharp as Philoctetes gives a performance of dazzling intensity and overwhelming power. She represents a man who has lived in a cave for ten years after being abandoned by his colleagues. He is a man of great heroic stature reduced to a cipher with unbearable pain and stench emanating from his leg. He is overwhelmed with hatred for Odysseus and an all-encompassing desire for revenge. Neoptolemus spins tales and lies of rewards for Philoctetes if only he will go on the ship that is waiting for him. Spoiler alert. I will not tell you his final fate, but Sharp’s performance is worth watching with the intensity that she brings to the role.

Gloria Obianyo gives a bravura performance as Neoptolemus. He is just a youngster in the shadow and under the command of General Odysseus. He is fundamentally naïve and honest but is persuaded and ordered to lie. Dishonesty is not part of his character. He tries so hard to induce Philoctetes that at one point he seems to have become even worse than Odysseus. You have to witness the scene yourself to appreciate its power.

Odysseus, the man of many turns and wiles, comes out as that, but also pretty nasty. Anastasia Hille is simply splendid in the role as she tackles his dishonesty, intensity and desire for victory and glory.

Ian Rickson directed this outstanding production with Sets and Costumes by Rae Smith. The set emphasize darkness and the costumes are the clothes of desperate refuges abandoned to their fate.

If Sophocles’ play is Tempest’s entry into Paradise, the exit is all her own. It is done in modern dress, and it is about social conditions today. The fate of refugees, the condition of people in general, the reason for going to war and the results sought or achieved are all topics that she touches upon. Some of it may seem like excessive editorializing but one would be hard put to disagree with her views.

The myth of Philoctetes has found a brilliant and contemporary interpretation and provided some great theatre 2430 years after Sophocles won first prize with his play at Athens’s   City Dionysia. 

_________________

Paradise by Kae Tempest in an adaptation of Sophocles’ Philoctetes played from August 11 to September 11, 2021, at the Olivier Stage of the National Theatre, London, England and can be streamed for viewing at https://www.ntathome.com/

James Karas is the Senior Editor - Culture of The Greek Press. This review appears in the newspaper as well.

 

MEDEA – REVIEW OF NATIONAL THEATRE STREAMING OF 2014 PRODUCTION

Reviewed by James Karas

“Vengeance is mine; I will repay,” saith the Lord in the Bible. When He said that, the Lord may not have had Medea in mind. The vengeance she wreaks on her husband Jason goes beyond what most people can even imagine.

            In 431 BC Euripides submitted his Medea to the City Dionysia dramatic competition in Athens and his play came in third. It has become one of the most frequently produced Greek tragedies and has been adapted numerous times. Ben Power wrote an adaptation for the National Theatre of Britain in 2014 and the production was filmed and is now available for streaming.

            Carrie Cracknell directed a brilliant staging that brings out much of the power of Euripides’ tragedy enhanced by Power’s additions. Medea is a play about treachery and vengeance, about merciless murder and, worst of all, infanticide committed by a mother to punish her husband.

        The complex role of Medea is handled by Helen McCrory in a bravura performance of extraordinary force. Medea betrayed her father and murdered her brother to enable Jason to steal the Golden Fleece from the “barbaric” city of Colchis. She fell in love with Jason and dedicated her life to him. He threw her over for another woman, the daughter of King Creon of Corinth.

                                                        Helen McCrory as Medea

McCrory needs to express the gamut of emotions that Medea goes through. Her love for Jason turns into passionate hatred. She wants revenge. She has to cajole, plead and beg King Creon to let her stay in Corinth for a day. Her fury, hatred and vengefulness so well displayed by McCrory must be tempered with cunning for her to achieve her objective. She manipulates everyone around her and McCrory delivers every nuance of the complex character to perfection.

Danny Sapani’s Jason is man whose success in stealing the Golden Fleece was based on treachery and murder committed by Medea. Now it is he who commits similar moral crimes by abandoning Medea to marry the king’s daughter. It is for selfish reasons alone. He may have been brave but he is not particularly bright in his understanding of Medea’s character. He brings her a cheque and thinks she will appreciate what he is doing.

Clemmie Sveaas does a fine job as Creon, King of Corinth. He is a no-nonsense ruler who is afraid of Medea and simply wants to get rid of her. Tough as he is, Medea gets around him and commits her crimes.

Dominic Rowan as Aegeus, King of Athens, is a likeable, decent man who wants to help Medea escape from Corinth. He wants to have children and Medea promises to help him using her magical powers. However, she does not take any chances even with an affable friend and makes him swear to protect her.

The Nurse played well by Michaela Coel is the storyteller of the play but Power has provided her with some pedestrian prose that does not work particularly well.

Cracknell makes judicial use of the Chorus of Corinthian Women. Their number of lines are reduced but some are spoken and sung with music composed by Will Gregory and Alison Goldfrapp. There are several effective dance sequences choreographed by Lucy Guerin.

The single set by Tom Scutt consists of a living space for the main action and a raised level for some glimpses of events in Creon’s palace. Power and Cracknell emphasize the domestic side of the play but she does live at what looks like the edge of a forest. We see Medea’s children playing with toys, riding a tricycle and running to greet their father. In the end we see Medea dragging their dead bodies, wrapped in blankets onto the stage.

Power created a final scene of his own for Medea. The Chorus chants a brief dirge and Medea walks off the stage. I will not disclose any more details because the scene is worth seeing without foreknowledge. It is magnificent.

________________

Medea by Euripides in a version by Ben Power, directed by Carrie Cracknell for the National Theatre in 2014 is available for streaming at https://www.ntathome.com/

ANTIGONE – REVIEW OF NATIONAL THEATRE PRODUCTION

 Reviewed by James Karas

In the production of Sophocles’ Antigone under review, Director Polly Findlay adds a prologue that becomes clear after a few minutes into the  play. The curtain opens on a large, dark office where people are running around, passing messages and in the end huddle around a screen. Something terribly important is happening.

We know we are in Thebes and a civil war is raging. We know that Eteocles and Polyneices, the sons of the late King Oedipus are fighting on opposite sides and both are killed. Their uncle Creon is the winner, supported by Eteocles and Polyneices is on the losing side and is considered a traitor. This is background information and we are or should be aware of it but all we see is the commotion in the offices.

The play proper begins when Antigone and Ismene, Oedipus’ daughters, appear and discuss Creon’s orders that Eteocles be buried with honours but Polyneices the traitor be left unburied to be eaten by the dogs. Antigone has decided to defy her uncle’s edict and intends to follow higher laws and bury her brother.

This is a taut, dramatic and moving production done in modern dress. Antigone and Ismene appear before a dark wall of the revolving stage of the National Theatre in London and the rest of the play is set in the palace offices that we saw in the opening scene. Set Designer Soutra Gilmour and Lighting designer Mark Henderson emphasize darkness with only the area of the actors being lit. 

Christopher Ecclestone and Jodie Whittaker 

Jodie Whittaker gives a powerful and passionate performance as Antigone. In a cockney accent she states her decision to bury her brother in uncompromising terms. The higher morality of the gods and the duty of a sister cannot be countermanded by a human being even if he is a kin.

Christopher Eccleston’s Creon is confident, controlling, arrogant, a king as of right and a defender of the state. Like all tyrants, he is convinced that he is defending the state, he is working for the good of the people. He is also paranoid and demands absolute loyalty from all including family members. He dismisses Antigone and her sister as neurotics or lunatics. Eccleston gives an outstanding performance in the role.

Creon’s son Haemon (Luke Newberry) is the voice of reason trying to persuade his father to act sanely. He is unsuccessful with tragic results.

A far more compelling voice is provided by the blind prophet Tiresias. Jamie Ballard gives a superb performance. Tiresias looks unkempt with a hideous face and a head full of scales or scabs as he warns Creon of tragic consequences if he persists in his desire to destroy Antigone. Creon realizes his grotesque errors but if is too late.

Notably fine performances are given by Luke Norris as the frightened soldier who delivers the news of the illegal burial of Polyneices and Kobna Holdbrook-Smitth as the messenger who delivers the news of the fate of Antigone and Haemon.

Findlay judiciously introduces Creon’s wife Eurydice (Zoe Aldrich) and Haemon at the beginning of the play when we first see Creon. The three stand momentarily for a photo shot and we realize who they are. They both appear much later in the play but seeing them at the start is a shrewd move by the director.

The handling of the Chorus is always an issue in a production of Greek tragedy. Don Taylor in his version of the play allocates the lines of the Chorus among the officials working in the palace offices. They are in fact the Chorus. There is no chanting and the choral odes and speeches are spoken by various members without any awkwardness.

Findlay’s adroit directing gives us a cohesive and taut drama that flows superbly. Sophocles’ play becomes a modern parable about dictatorship and freedom that can be applied to current tyrannical regimes. There is no awkwardness with the presentation of the Chorus and we get an excellent production streamed to our home._____________________

Antigone by Sophocles in a version by Don Taylor William, recorded at the National Theatre in 2012, is available from the National Theatre at www.ntathome.com.

REVIEW OF THE GREEK INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL OF TORONTO

By James Karas  

The first Greek International Film Festival of Toronto (GIFFT) took place between October 1 and 4, 2021. It featured full-length films and shorts at the Canada Square Theatre at Yonge and Eglinton and streamed many of them. It had some glitches but the fact that it happened at all deserves a tip of the hat.

I saw three films in the theatre and streamed one to my television set. The results ranged from the exceptional to the incomprehensible. Here are my observations.

MY NAME IS EFTIHIA

Eftihia is a superb film directed by Angelos Frantzis about the life of lyricist Eftihia Papagianopoulou. She led a dramatic and tragic life (1893-1972) writing the lyrics for some of the best-known Greek songs but she has remained largely unknown. She provided some of the most famous composers with lyrics including Vassilis Tsitsanis, Manos Hadzidakis, Apostolos Kaldaras and Manolis Chiotis. Most Greeks recognise Ta kavourakia, Dyo portes ehei i zoi, Eimai aetos horis ftera and Perasmenes mou agapes without knowing that Papagianopoulou wrote the lyrics for them.

She scribbled lyrics on small pieces of paper and sold them to the composers for a few hundred drachmas and took no steps to protect her copyright. It is unknown how many songs she wrote but one partial listing of her lyrics lists 220.

Frantzis’ film covers Eftihia’s life from 1922 and the chaotic escape from Smyrna during the Asia Minor Catastrophe to the end of her eventful life.  He uses two fine actors to represent her as a young woman (Katia Goulioni) and in her old age (Karyofyllia Karabeti). They do masterly portrayals of the gutsy, humorous, chain-smoking and humane Eftihia who can write lyrics but cannot manage money.

That is putting it mildly because Eftihia was a compulsive and addicted gambler who lost most of what she made playing cards and at one point was climbing down a ladder at night to join gambling groups. She was chased by loan sharks, thrown out by landlords and even sold her policeman husband’s uniform to feed her addiction.

Notable performances are given by Pigmalion Dadakaridis as her second husband Giorgos, Dina Michailidou as her mother, Thanos Tokakis as a homosexual friend who is both sympathetic and hilarious.

Frantzis directs a large cast brilliantly and my only note is that there is not enough information about location. I want to see where the action takes place with greater detail than Frantzis provides. But that is a minor matter in an otherwise superb film.

LURK

On a dark and stormy night someone lurks around and enters a large mansion situated on the top of a mountain. Anne (Tess Spentzos), a beautiful blonde woman in a sexy nightgown, is terrified by the presence of a masked stranger in her house (Aris Athan). He finds her, brutally rapes her and ties her with ropes. The stranger proceeds to open the safe and grab a big stash of cash. She manages to free herself from the ropes and smashes the intruder with a golf club. Now we have many questions to to unravel.

Her cool, psychiatrist husband (Peter Gerald) comes home and he tells her that nothing really happened. She is mentally ill and did not take her pills that morning and imagined everything. The intruder is still in the house.

The plot proceeds with many twists and turns and acts of violence. The audience at the Canada Square Cinema (fewer than 100 because of Covid-19 restrictions) is not enthralled and they start leaving the theatre in noticeable numbers. No, they are not going to the bathroom because no one returns.

Lurk was written and directed by Vassilis Katsikis and released in 2015 at the Horrorant Film Festival 'Fright Nights' in Greece. There may not have been too many horror film aficionados in the Canada Square Theatre and the happenings on that dark and stormy night were not appreciated.

GOD’S FANS

God’s Fans is a 2016 film written, directed and produced by George Bakolas starring Roula Antonopoulou, George Iosifidis and Dafni Kafetzi. The storyline given on the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) website is as follows: The art of desiring what you can't live instead of doing the opposite. A film about people who fight to become someone else. I guess it means you should not desire what you can’t live by (why would you?) and you may fight to become someone else. Not like someone but someone else.

There may be a profound or logical meaning to the storyline but it escapes me. What’s more, I have no idea if it has any connection to the film.  

The film has a series of scenes involving an actor played by Roula Antonopoulou who is expecting a premiere of a play in the evening. But someone is preparing a rehearsal in the same place. These events are mentioned a number of times as the film moves through scenes that are confusing or meaningless or both. I tried to glean something, anything, from the movie but failed. 

No doubt Bakolas had something in mind when he wrote and directed the film and there are people who understood what he was after but I confess that I am not one of them.

There were streaks of light across the screen frequently and the edges showed different coloration. I doubt that it was intentional and it seems that whatever the film was stored in it has begun to deteriorate.

I could not find any reference to the film being ever being released.

BACK TO SPARTA

Ten years ago, the incomparable Angelo Tsarouchas went to Athens, Greece to perform his comedy routines before a Greek audience. He had done that in venues around the world and returning to his ancestral “home” would seem like a cinch. But there were a couple nerve-wracking problems. Angelo does not speak Greek. Yes, he can carry on a simple conversation and understand a good deal of the language but perform his famous comedy routines in Greek?

Angelo Tsarouchas in Greece

The other problem was even more severe. Stand-up comedy has no foundation in Greece. A comic may perform for a few minutes but he is quickly supplanted by what the audience came for: bouzouki and singing.

He found that many Greeks, especially the young, speak English and the full house at the Michael Cacoyannis Institute in Athens not only understood what he said but roared with laughter. A good comedian can keep Greeks entertained in English and lack of stand-up comedy tradition be damned.

Tsarouchas’s performance was recorded and released in 2014 as A Night in Athens, directed by George Tsioutsioulas.

After that Tsioutsioulas decided to produce a wide-ranging documentary about Tsarouchas and the result was Back to Sparta which was shown on the last night of the GIFFT. The documentary was released in 2015 and provides some biographical information about Tsarouchas and gives an idea of his comedy as well as details of the preparation for the performance in Athens.

Tsarouchas has found humour in himself, his family and rich Greek cultural traditions that he manipulates into uproarious comedy. A Greek wedding, his parents, driving home with a lit candle after the midnight Easter liturgy, his weight, Greek sayings and much more have all proven fertile fields for comedy that crosses all social and ethnic boundaries. For example, his doctor tells him to lose 130 (out of his 350) pounds. He goes home and tells his girlfriend to get out but that does not solve the whole problem - he still has ten pounds to go. He is simply hilarious.

Back to Sparta includes a visit to Tsarouchas’s ancestral home in the village of Dafni. It is moving and funny. Most immigrants have a special attachment to their place of origin which almost invariably becomes dilapidated but going there is a sentimental journey that leaves one in tears.

The documentary is informative, perceptive and entertaining but I had difficulty with one aspect of it. Most of the show is taken up with the angst and preparation for the performance in the Cacoyannis Institute. Tsarouchas has a lot to be nervous about. Will anyone come? How many will understand me? Will they get the jokes?

The show was a success but we did not get to see even a single minute of it. Even though the performance was shown in A Night in Athens, a few minutes of the comedy should have been shown. It was like listening to someone tell a joke that he stops before delivering the punch line. I went home after seeing the documentary and turned on YouTube to see several segments of the performance.

________________

The above-noted films were streamed or shown at the Famous Players Canada Square Theatre, 2190 Yonge Street (Yonge & Eglinton), Toronto from October 1 to 4, 2021 as part of the Greek International Film Festival of Toronto (GIFFT). www.gifft.ca

James Karas is the Senior Editor – Culture of The Greek Press. This review appeared first in the newspaper.